The Connotation, Logic, and Pathways of Knowledge Flow in the context of Industry-Education Integration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54691/gq8cp618Keywords:
Industry-education integration, Knowledge flow, Technological innovation, Talent development.Abstract
Knowledge flow is fundamental to the creation of knowledge and the cultivation of talent. This study elucidates the concept of knowledge flow within the context of industry-education integration through a systematic analysis of existing literature, examining five key stages of knowledge innovation: generation, sharing, integration, application, and feedback. By exploring how this integration consolidates regional knowledge resources, the research highlights its critical role in enhancing inter-organizational learning and optimizing the efficiency of knowledge flow. The findings indicate that effective knowledge flow not only facilitates the commercialization and marketability of academic intellectual outputs but also enables the adaptation of educational methodologies to meet the evolving needs of the industry. The study concludes that strengthening policy incentives, promoting robust academic collaborations, and leveraging digital technologies are essential for facilitating the transfer of knowledge across organizations. While this research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms by which industry-education integration can enhance both the efficiency and impact of knowledge flows, it should be noted that the lack of empirical data constrains the generalizability of the findings. Future research should consider conducting empirical studies to validate and expand upon these insights.
Downloads
References
[1] I. Nonaka & H. Takeuchi: The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation (Oxford University Press, UK 1995).
[2] B. Kogut & U. Zander: Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology, Organization Science, Vol. 3 (1992) No.3, p.383-397.
[3] J. Tidd & J. Bessant: Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change (Wiley, USA 2014).
[4] W. Wan: Research on Overcoming Organizational Obstacles in Deepening Industry-education Integration under the Background of High-quality Development, Vocational and Technical Education, Vol. 43 (2022) No.28, p.44-49.
[5] J. Nie, W. Wang, T. Nie, W. Wang & J. Hu: School-enterprise Cooperation: From a Community of Shared Interests to a New Pattern of Governance, Journal of Vocational Education, Vol. 2018 (2018) No.12, p.6-11.
[6] L. Drobyshevskaya, S. Kovalenko & E. Popova: Integration of Science, Education, Business, and Power in the Digital Environment, Proc. New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development (NSRBCPED 2019) (2019), p.462-468.
[7] M.M. Mariani, I. Machado, V. Magrelli & Y.K. Dwivedi: Artificial Intelligence in Innovation Research: A Systematic Review, Conceptual Framework, and Future Research Directions, Technovation, Vol. 122 (2023), p.102623.
[8] W. Mougayar: The Business Blockchain: Promise, Practice, and Application of the Next Internet Technology (John Wiley & Sons, USA 2016).
[9] E. Brynjolfsson & A. McAfee: The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies (W.W. Norton & Company, USA 2014).
[10] Y. Lu, C. Liu, K.I.K. Wang, H. Huang & X. Xu: Digital Twin-driven Smart Manufacturing: Connotation, Reference Model, Applications and Research Issues, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 61 (2020), p.101837.
[11] X. Yuan & M. Zhang: The Evolutionary Characteristics and Development Trends of China's Integration of Education and Industry Policies: An Analysis Based on 104 Government Policy Texts from 2013 to 2021, China University Science & Technology, Vol. 2022 (2022) No.10, p.40-45.
[12] J.S. Holste & D. Fields: Trust and Tacit Knowledge Sharing and Use, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 14 (2010) No.1, p.128-140.
[13] A.G. Balogun & G.A. Adetula: Willingness to Share and Use Tacit Knowledge Among Employees in Team-based Organisations: Are the Dimensions of Interpersonal Trust Facilitators, Information and Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 (2015) No.7, p.100-107.
[14] [K.D. Feng: Tide Rising: The Birth of Innovative Chinese Enterprises (China Renmin University Press, China 2023).
[15] M. Young: The Return to Subjects: A Sociological Perspective on the UK Coalition Government's Approach to the 14–19 Curriculum, Curriculum Journal, Vol. 22 (2011) No.2, p.265-278.
[16] J. Rowley: The Wisdom Hierarchy: Representations of the DIKW Hierarchy, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 33 (2007) No.2, p.163-180.
[17] K. Dong, H. Xu & B. Cui: A Review of Knowledge Flow Research, Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information, Vol. 39 (2020) No.10, p.1120-1132.
[18] P. Zhu, J. Chen, F. Yuan & W. Liu: The Formation of Knowledge Flow Networks in the Yangtze River Delta, China: Knowledge Implicitness and Proximity Effect, Sustainability, Vol. 17 (2025) No.2, p.740.
[19] J. Bercovitz & M. Feldman: Academic Entrepreneurs: Organizational Change at the Individual Level, Organization Science, Vol. 19 (2008) No.1, p.69-89.
[20] C.P. Chen, J.L. Hu & C.H. Yang: An International Comparison of R&D Efficiency of Multiple Innovative Outputs: The Role of the National Innovation System, Innovation, Vol. 13 (2011) No.3, p.341-360.
[21] R. Perkins & E. Neumayer: Geographies of Educational Mobilities: Exploring the Uneven Flows of International Students, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 180 (2014) No.3, p.246-259.
[22] M.T. Hora: Beyond the Skills Gap: Preparing College Students for Life and Work (Harvard Education Press, USA 2019).
[23] S. Reichert: The Role of Universities in Regional Innovation Ecosystems (European University Association, Belgium 2019).
[24] R. Kulkarni, S. Sane & D.M. Kanade: Bridging the Gap: Industry and Engineering Institutions Through Efficient Collaboration, Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Vol. 36 (2023) No.S2, p.551-555.
[25] K. Kawasaki: Analysis & practical applications of university-industry research collaborations, Advances in Economics and Business, Vol. 4 (2016), p. 553-559.
[26] A. Wirsich, A. Kock, C. Strumann, & C. Schultz: Effects of university–industry collaboration on technological newness of firms, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 33 (2016) No. 6, p. 708-725.
[27] L. Maier, M. Schreier, C.V. Baccarella, & K.I. Voigt: University knowledge inside: How and when university–industry collaborations make new products more attractive to consumers, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 88 (2024) No. 2, p. 1-20.
[28] S. Ma, P. Huo, W. Li, Y. Li, L. Li, & C. Su: Study on the integration of industry and education through deep cooperation between government, industry, universities and enterprises, Integration, Vol. 1 (2022) No. 1, p. 1-7.
[29] Y. Cai & H. Etzkowitz: Theorizing the Triple Helix model: Past, present, and future, Triple Helix, Vol. 7 (2020) No. 2-3, p. 189-226.
[30] P.A. Balland, R. Boschma, J. Crespo, & D.L. Rigby: Smart specialization policy in the European Union: Relatedness, knowledge complexity and regional diversification, Regional Studies, Vol. 53 (2019) No. 9, p. 1252-1268.
[31] R. Paci & S. Usai: Knowledge flows across European regions, The Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 43 (2009) No. 3, p. 669-690.
[32] H. Etzkowitz & L. Leydesdorff: The dynamics of innovation: From national systems and “Mode 2” to a triple helix of university–industry–government relations, Research Policy, Vol. 29 (2000) No. 2, p. 109-123.
[33] W.M. Cohen & D.A. Levinthal: Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35 (1990) No. 1, p. 128-152.
[34] L. Gong: Introduction to the research on the special marketing ability of higher vocational automobile industry under the background of the integration of production and education, Open Access Library Journal, Vol. 8 (2021) No. 03, p. 1.
[35] H. Wang: Research on innovation and entrepreneurship education in applied universities from the perspective of integration of industry and education, Advances in Educational Technology and Psychology, Vol. 7 (2023) No. 15, p. 98-110.
[36] M. Mazzucato: The entrepreneurial state: Debunking public vs. private sector myths (Anthem Press, 2013).
[37] M. Du, A.Z.A. Abdurahman, B.H. Voon, & M.I. Hamzah: Developing and leading for industry-education integration service in vocational and technical colleges, International Journal of Industrial Management, Vol. 13 (2022), p. 464-470.
[38] G. Todorova & B. Durisin: Absorptive capacity: Valuing a reconceptualization, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32 (2007) No. 3, p. 774-786.
[39] Q. Zhang, N.G. MacKenzie, D. Jones-Evans, & R. Huggins: Leveraging knowledge as a competitive asset? The intensity, performance and structure of universities’ entrepreneurial knowledge exchange activities at a regional level, Small Business Economics, Vol. 47 (2016), p. 657-675.
[40] R. Awasthy, S. Flint, R. Sankarnarayana, & R.L. Jones: A framework to improve university–industry collaboration, Journal of Industry-University Collaboration, Vol. 2 (2020) No. 1, p. 49-62.
[41] M.C. Lee: Knowledge management and innovation management: Best practices in knowledge sharing and knowledge value chain, International Journal of Innovation and Learning, Vol. 19 (2016) No. 2, p. 206-226.
[42] M. Bikard, K. Vakili, & F. Teodoridis: When collaboration bridges institutions: The impact of university–industry collaboration on academic productivity, Organization Science, Vol. 30 (2019) No. 2, p. 426-445.
[43] C.W. Wessner: Best practices in state and regional innovation initiatives: Competing in the 21st century (National Academies Press, 2013).
[44] C.W. Wessner: Best practices in state and regional innovation initiatives: Competing in the 21st century (National Academies Press, 2013).
[45] A. Prencipe, C. Corsi, M.J. Rodríguez-Gulías, S. Fernández-López, & D. Rodeiro-Pazos: Influence of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem and its knowledge spillovers in developing successful university spin-offs, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Vol. 72 (2020), p. 100814.
[46] P. Smart, S. Holmes, F. Lettice, F.H. Pitts, J.B. Zwiegelaar, G. Schwartz, & S. Evans: Open science and open innovation in a socio-political context: Knowledge production for societal impact in an age of post-truth populism, R&D Management, Vol. 49 (2019) No. 3, p. 279-297.
[47] H. Piwowar, J. Priem, V. Larivière, J.P. Alperin, L. Matthias, B. Norlander, A. Farley, J. West, & S. Haustein: The state of OA: A large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of open access articles, PeerJ, Vol. 6 (2018), e4375.
[48] M.K. Kawabata & A.S. Camargo Junior: Innovation and institutions’ quality: A comparative study between countries, International Journal of Innovation Science, Vol. 12 (2020) No. 2, p. 169-185.
[49] A.L. Rossoni, E.P.G. de Vasconcellos, & R.L. de Castilho Rossoni: Barriers and facilitators of university-industry collaboration for research, development and innovation: A systematic review, Management Review Quarterly, Vol. 74 (2024) No. 3, p. 1841-1877.
[50] E.M.M. Valentín: University—industry cooperation: A framework of benefits and obstacles, Industry and Higher Education, Vol. 14 (2000) No. 3, p. 165-172.
[51] J. Hall, S. Matos, V. Bachor, & R. Downey: Commercializing university research in diverse settings: Moving beyond standardized intellectual property management, Research-Technology Management, Vol. 57 (2014) No. 5, p. 26-34.
[52] S.M. Vasin, L.A. Gamidullaeva, N. Wise, & K.Y. Korolev: Knowledge exchange and the trust institution: A new look at the problem, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Vol. 11 (2020), p. 1026-1042.
[53] M. Franco, L. Esteves, & M. Rodrigues: Clusters as a mechanism of sharing knowledge and innovation: Case study from a network approach, Global Business Review, Vol. 25 (2024) No. 2, p. 377-400.
[54] D.B. Audretsch & M.P. Feldman: R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production, The American Economic Review, Vol. 86 (1996) No. 3, p. 630-640.
[55] S. Breschi & F. Lissoni: Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: An anatomy of localized knowledge flows, Journal of Economic Geography, Vol. 9 (2009) No. 4, p. 439-468.
[56] J. Miörner, E. Zukauskaite, M. Trippl, & J. Moodysson: Creating institutional preconditions for knowledge flows in cross-border regions, Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, Vol. 36 (2018) No. 2, p. 201-218.
[57] P.M. Romer: Endogenous technological change, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98 (1990) No. 5, p. S71-S102.
[58] J. Bruneel, P. d’Este, & A. Salter: Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university–industry collaboration, Research Policy, Vol. 39 (2010) No. 7, p. 858-868.
[59] V. Galán‐Muros & C. Plewa: What drives and inhibits university‐business cooperation in Europe? A comprehensive assessment, R&D Management, Vol. 46 (2016) No. 2, p. 369-382.
[60] G. Dalmarco, W. Hulsink, & G.V. Blois: Creating entrepreneurial universities in an emerging economy: Evidence from Brazil, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 135 (2018), p. 99-111.
[61] W.B. Arthur: The nature of technology: What it is and how it evolves (Free Press, 2009).
[62] X.H. Wang: How to build a training base jointly built by schools and enterprises, Human Resources, Vol. 12 (2021), p. 28-29.
[63] J. Wang & Y. Zhang: Work integrated learning in China higher vocational education: A discussion on industry education integration models, Region - Educational Research and Reviews, Vol. 5 (2023) No. 4, p. 139.
[64] A. Laplane & M. Mazzucato: Socializing the risks and rewards of public investments: Economic, policy, and legal issues, Research Policy, Vol. 49 (2020), p. 100008.
[65] H.G.B. Wahjono & V.A. Kristianto: The comparison of the partnership model between vocational education institutions and industrial sectors in North American and Indonesian universities, Proc. 4th Vocational Education International Conference (VEIC 2022) (Atlantis Press, December 2022), p. 198-210.
[66] J. Aliu & C.O. Aigbavboa: Structural determinants of graduate employability: Impact of university and industry collaborations, Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, Vol. 19 (2020) No. 5, p. 1080-1100.
[67] C. Catalini & J.S. Gans: Some simple economics of the blockchain, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 63 (2020) No. 7, p. 80-90.
[68] O. Dedehayir, S.J. Mäkinen, & J.R. Ortt: Roles during innovation ecosystem genesis: A literature review, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 136 (2018), p. 18-29.
[69] M.E. Porter: Competitive Advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance (Free Press, 1998).
[70] G. Dosi, M. Faillo, & L. Marengo: Organizational capabilities, patterns of knowledge accumulation and governance structures in business firms: An introduction, Organization Studies, Vol. 29 (2008) No. 8-9, p. 1165-1185.
[71] M. Gibbons, C. Limoges, H. Nowotny, S. Schwartzman, P. Scott, & M. Trow: The new production of knowledge: The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies (Sage, London, 1994).
[72] N.J. Foss: The emerging knowledge governance approach: Challenges and characteristics, Organization, Vol. 14 (2007) No. 1, p. 29-52.
[73] W.R. Nyemba, C. Mbohwa, & K.F. Carter: Academia and industry collaborations: A research and professional perspective, in Bridging the Academia Industry Divide: Innovation and Industrialisation Perspective using Systems Thinking Research in Sub-Saharan Africa (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021), p. 57-80.
[74] F. Wei, X. Yang, X. Yu, & H. Zhou: Exploration and practice of deepening industry-education integration mechanism in Guangxi applied undergraduate universities and colleges, in 2020 6th International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education (ICSSHE 2020) (Atlantis Press, December 2020), p. 396-400.
[75] G. Vinayan, D. Harikirishanan, & S.M. Ling: Upskilling and reskilling the workforce via industry driven technical and vocational education and training: Strategies to initiate industry/institution partnership in Malaysia, Journal of Economic Info, Vol. 7 (2020) No. 2, p. 94-103.
[76] H. Lauder & K. Mayhew: Higher education and the labour market: An introduction, Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 46 (2020) No. 1, p. 1-9.
[77] T. Baker & R.E. Nelson: Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 50 (2005) No. 3, p. 329-366.
[78] T.M. Saba: Facilitating school-to-work transitions of vocational and technical education graduates through work-based learning, Kampala International University Journal of Education, Vol. 2 (2022) No. 2, p. 33-43.
[79] S. Ankrah & A.T. Omar: Universities–industry collaboration: A systematic review, Scandinavian Journal of Management, Vol. 31 (2015) No. 3, p. 387-408.
[80] O.E. Okeke-Uzodike & E. Anwana: Embracing the fourth industrial revolution: The effectiveness of work integrated learning, Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 8 (2020) No. 12, p. 6394-6404.
[81] M.L. Azevedo Ferreira & R. Rezende Ramos: Making university-industry technological partnerships work: A case study in the Brazilian oil innovation system, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, Vol. 10 (2015) No. 1, p. 173-187.
[82] A. McCabe, R. Parker, & S. Cox: The ceiling to coproduction in university–industry research collaboration, Higher Education Research & Development, Vol. 35 (2016) No. 3, p. 560-574.
[83] G. Von Krogh, I. Nonaka, & L. Rechsteiner: Leadership in organizational knowledge creation: A review and framework, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 49 (2012) No. 1, p. 240-277.
[84] E. De Wit-de Vries, W.A. Dolfsma, H.J. van der Windt, & M.P. Gerkema: Knowledge transfer in university–industry research partnerships: A review, The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 44 (2019), p. 1236-1255.
[85] W.F. Boh & S.S. Wong: Managers versus co-workers as referents: Comparing social influence effects on within-and outside-subsidiary knowledge sharing, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 126 (2015), p. 1-17.
[86] L. Argote, B. McEvily, & R. Reagans: Managing knowledge in organizations: An integrative framework and review of emerging themes, Management Science, Vol. 49 (2003) No. 4, p. 571-582.
[87] P.B. Le & H. Lei: Determinants of innovation capability: The roles of transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and perceived organizational support, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 23 (2019) No. 3, p. 527-547.
[88] P. Ahrweiler, A. Pyka, & N. Gilbert: A new model for university‐industry links in knowledge‐based economies, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 28 (2011) No. 2, p. 218-235.
[89] M. Perkmann & K. Walsh: University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 9 (2007) No. 4, p. 259-280.
[90] F. Torabi & J. El-Den: The impact of knowledge management on organizational productivity: A case study on Koosar Bank of Iran, Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 124 (2017), p. 300-310.
[91] D. Marchiori & M. Franco: Knowledge transfer in the context of inter-organizational networks: Foundations and intellectual structures, Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, Vol. 5 (2020) No. 2, p. 130-139.
[92] M.J. Ahsan: Cultivating a culture of learning: The role of leadership in fostering lifelong development, The Learning Organization, Vol. 32 (2025) No. 2, p. 282-306.
[93] K.A. Al-Busaidi & L. Olfman: Knowledge sharing through inter-organizational knowledge sharing systems, VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 47 (2017) No. 1, p. 110-136.
[94] P.B. Le, H. Lei, T.T. Le, J. Gong, & A.T. Ha: Developing a collaborative culture for radical and incremental innovation: The mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing, Chinese Management Studies, Vol. 14 (2020) No. 4, p. 957-975.
[95] M. Azeem, M. Ahmed, S. Haider, & M. Sajjad: Expanding competitive advantage through organizational culture, knowledge sharing and organizational innovation, Technology in Society, Vol. 66 (2021), Article 101635.
[96] J. Singh: Distributed R&D, cross-regional knowledge integration and quality of innovative output, Research Policy, Vol. 37 (2008) No. 1, p. 77-96.
[97] J. Li & D. Jiang: Knowledge integration in industry-university-research institute synergy innovation: A theoretical framework, Soft Science, Vol. 27 (2013) No. 5, p. 136-139.
[98] M.J. Azari, A. Aspelund, & A.E. Eide: Knowledge integration in international SMEs: The effects on firm innovation and performance, Cogent Business & Management, Vol. 7 (2020) No. 1, Article 1849890.
[99] S.S. Sondhi, P. Salwan, A. Behl, S. Niranjan, & T. Hawkins: Evaluation of strategic orientation-led competitive advantage: The role of knowledge integration and service innovation, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 28 (2024) No. 7, p. 1937-1962.
[100] C. Tang & X. Gu: A study on the sources and formation of knowledge advantages in industry-university-research collaboration innovation networks, Science and Technology Management Research, Vol. 30 (2010) No. 11, p. 113-116.
[101] J. Nebus: Building collegial information networks: A theory of advice network generation, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 31 (2006) No. 3, p. 615-637.
[102] C. Janicot, S. Mignon, & E. Walliser: Information process and value creation: An experimental study, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Vol. 7 (2016), p. 276-291.
[103] L. Leydesdorff & G. Zawdie: The triple helix perspective of innovation systems, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 22 (2010) No. 7, p. 789-804.
[104] A. Clarke & A. Crane: Cross-sector partnerships for systemic change: Systematized literature review and agenda for further research, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 150 (2018) No. 2, p. 303-313.
[105] J.C. Shin, X. Li, B.K. Byun, & I. Nam: Building a coordination system of HRD, research and industry for knowledge and technology-driven economic development in South Asia, International Journal of Educational Development, Vol. 74 (2020), Article 102161.
[106] M. Kleine, J. Heite, & L.R. Huber: Subsidized R&D collaboration: The causal effect of innovation vouchers on innovation outcomes, Research Policy, Vol. 51 (2022) No. 6, Article 104515.
[107] S. Frick: Turnaround cities: French case study insights from Lille (Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, 2023).
[108] N.B. Colvard, C.E. Watson, & H. Park: The impact of open educational resources on various student success metrics, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Vol. 30 (2018) No. 2, p. 262-276.
[109] H. de Boer, J. File, J. Huisman, M. Seeber, M. Vukasovic, D.F. Westerheijden, ... & D.F. Westerheijden: France: Initiatives for excellence, in Policy Analysis of Structural Reforms in Higher Education: Processes and Outcomes (2017), p. 161-182.
[110] A.H. Mazorodze & S. Buckley: Knowledge management in knowledge-intensive organisations: Understanding its benefits, processes, infrastructure and barriers, South African Journal of Information Management, Vol. 21 (2019) No. 1, p. 1-6.
[111] R.W. Glover & C. Bilginsoy: Registered apprenticeship training in the US construction industry, Education+ Training, Vol. 47 (2005) No. 4/5, p. 337-349.
[112] V. Sattiraju, V.S. Ligade, P. Muragundi, R. Pandey, & M.D. Janodia: National and higher education institutions (HEIs) IP policies: Comparison of Indian HEIs’ IP policies from a global perspective, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Vol. 14 (2023) No. 2, p. 1979-2006.
[113] T.F. Remington: Public–private partnerships in TVET: Adapting the dual system in the United States, Journal of Vocational Education & Training, Vol. 70 (2018) No. 4, p. 497-523.
[114] N. Arthur-Mensah: Bridging the industry–education skills gap for human resource development, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 52 (2020) No. 2, p. 93-103.
[115] H. Luo, G. Li, Q. Feng, Y. Yang, & M. Zuo: Virtual reality in K‐12 and higher education: A systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2019, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, Vol. 37 (2021) No. 3, p. 887-901.
[116] V. Garcia-Font: Blockchain: Opportunities and challenges in the educational context, in Engineering Data-Driven Adaptive Trust-Based E-Assessment Systems: Challenges and Infrastructure Solutions (2020), p. 133-157.
[117] P. Ocheja, B. Flanagan, H. Ogata, & S.S. Oyelere: Visualization of education blockchain data: Trends and challenges, Interactive Learning Environments, Vol. 31 (2023) No. 9, p. 5970-5994.
[118] E. Tan, E. Lerouge, J. Du Caju, & D. Du Seuil: Verification of education credentials on European Blockchain Services Infrastructure (EBSI): Action research in a cross-border use case between Belgium and Italy, Big Data and Cognitive Computing, Vol. 7 (2023) No. 2, Article 79.
[119] B. Any, T. Ramadhan, & E.A. Nabila: Decentralized academic platforms: The future of education in the age of blockchain, Blockchain Frontier Technology, Vol. 3 (2024) No. 2, p. 112-124.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.






