Effects of Long-Term Square Dance Exercise on Physical Fitness Indicators and Anxiety Level in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the effects of long-term square dance exercise on selected physical fitness indicators and anxiety level in postmenopausal women, with the aim of providing empirical evidence for community-based exercise guidance for this population. Methods: Forty postmenopausal women from Haigang District, Qinhuangdao City, were included and divided into a long-term square dance group (n=20) and a comparison group (n=20). Long-term square dance participation was defined as dancing at least three times per week, at least 30 minutes per session, for one year or longer. Body mass index (BMI), vital capacity, grip strength, reaction time, single-leg standing with eyes closed, and anxiety level were assessed. Data were analyzed with independent-samples t tests, and Cohen's d and 95% confidence intervals were reported to improve interpretation. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in BMI, vital capacity, or grip strength (P>0.05). The long-term square dance group showed a shorter reaction time, a longer duration of single-leg standing with eyes closed, and a lower anxiety score than the comparison group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term square dance exercise may be associated with better reaction ability, balance ability, and anxiety status in postmenopausal women, whereas its effects on BMI, vital capacity, and grip strength were not significant. Square dance is a low-threshold, socially interactive, and sustainable form of community exercise and may be suitable for health promotion among postmenopausal women.