Analyzing the Compilation of Ming Dynasty Wushu Texts: A Subjectivity Perspective

Abstract

Ancient Chinese martial arts were primarily transmitted through oral instruction and mental comprehension (kouchuan xinshou), with limited textual documentation. However, the Ming Dynasty witnessed a significant surge in the textual recording of martial arts traditions. This study investigates the historical emergence of Ming martial arts texts from the perspective of their compilers, employing historical research and comparative analysis. The findings indicate that the majority of the compilers possessed backgrounds in the imperial examination system. Benefiting from the development of this system during the Ming, these compilers possessed strong educational backgrounds and literary proficiency. Furthermore, the specific content requirements of the examinations at certain stages directed the compilers' attention towards practical martial arts knowledge. Concurrently, the needs of practical governance motivated these compilers to systematically organize martial arts knowledge into written form. Consequently, martial arts entered a historical phase of theoretical systematization. In conclusion, the development of martial arts during this period was inextricably linked to the demands of practical governance and, crucially, depended on the contributions of educated individuals who advanced its textual tradition.